最高人民法院知识产权法庭基本情况
（2018年12月29日）
最高人民法院
一、法庭设立的背景和过程
2017年11月，习近平总书记主持召开十九届中央全面深化改革领导小组第一次会议，审议通过《关于加强知识产权审判领域改革创新若干问题的意见》，要求“研究建立国家层面知识产权案件上诉审理机制”。2018年2月，中央全面深化改革委员会将此确定为2018年改革要点工作，由最高人民法院牵头落实。
最高人民法院会同有关方面，在总结知识产权司法实践经验的基础上，就建立国家层面知识产权案件上诉审理机制进行了充分论证和反复研究，选择了在北京市设立最高人民法院知识产权法庭、统一审理全国范围内专利等上诉案件的改革思路，形成改革方案稿，报中央全面深化改革委员会批准。
为确保改革依法有序推进，最高人民法院起草了有关法律议案。10月26日，第十三届全国人大常委会第六次会议审议通过《关于专利等知识产权案件诉讼程序若干问题的决定》。12月3日，最高人民法院审判委员会第1756次会议讨论通过《关于最高人民法院知识产权法庭有关问题的规定》，进一步细化明确了案件审理范围、诉讼程序衔接等问题。
最高人民法院高度重视知识产权法庭组建工作，周强院长提出“高起点、高标准、高水平”的知识产权法庭建设要求。成立由三位院领导分任组长的业务组、人事组、保障组，明确任务分工，强化协同推进。各有关部门制定细化方案，建立工作台账，责任到人，时间到天，对标对表，短短40天就顺利完成了办公场所选址装修、人员选调、办公办案系统升级、后勤保障措施到位等一系列组建工作。
二、法庭设立的意义
最高人民法院设立知识产权法庭，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央从建设知识产权强国和世界科技强国的战略高度作出的重大决策，是全面深化司法改革的重大举措，是中国知识产权和诉讼法律制度的历史性突破，是中国知识产权司法保护发展史上的重要里程碑，对于加快知识产权审判体系和审判能力的现代化进程具有重大而深远的意义。
一是有利于激励和保护科技创新。创新是引领发展的第一动力，知识产权保护是激励创新的基本手段。中国特色社会主义已进入新时代，中国正在加快建设创新型国家，迫切需要建立国家层面知识产权案件上诉审理机制，充分发挥知识产权审判激励和保护创新、促进科技进步和社会发展的职能作用。设立最高人民法院知识产权法庭，就是以创新的方式保护创新，优化科技创新法治环境，加快实施创新驱动发展战略，为实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标和建设知识产权强国、世界科技强国作出积极贡献。
二是有利于营造良好营商环境。习近平总书记深刻指出，产权保护特别是知识产权保护是塑造良好营商环境的重要方面，突出强调加强知识产权保护是完善产权保护制度最重要的内容，也是提高中国经济竞争力最大的激励。设立最高人民法院知识产权法庭，就是以改革的思维推进改革，加强对中外企业知识产权的依法平等保护，促进形成法治化、国际化、便利化的营商环境，更好服务国内国际两个大局，推动形成全面开放新格局。
三是有利于统一和规范裁判尺度。专利等案件具有特殊的专业性、高度的复杂性，新型疑难复杂案件众多。在现行审理体制下，知识产权有效性问题由行政无效程序解决，知识产权侵权纠纷由民事诉讼程序解决。而且，专利侵权二审案件分由各高级人民法院审理，存在裁判尺度不够统一的问题。设立最高人民法院知识产权法庭，就是以问题的导向解决问题，实现知识产权效力判断与侵权判断两大诉讼程序和裁判标准的对接，从机制上解决制约科技创新的裁判尺度不统一等问题，提高知识产权审判质量效率，加大知识产权司法保护力度，切实提升司法公信力。
三、法庭的主要职责
最高人民法院知识产权法庭是最高人民法院派出的常设审判机构，统一审理全国范围内专利等专业技术性较强的民事和行政上诉案件，肩负着统一专利等知识产权案件裁判尺度、加快创新驱动发展战略实施的重大使命，通过实现审理专门化、管辖集中化、程序集约化和人员专业化，为知识产权强国和世界科技强国建设提供有力司法保障和服务。
知识产权法庭设立之初，内设第一审判室、第二审判室、诉讼服务中心、综合办公室等四个机构。其中，第一审判室加挂技术调查室的牌子，负责技术调查官的日常管理。坚持“让审理者裁判、由裁判者负责”原则，全面落实司法责任制，深入推进司法体制综合配套改革，不断完善审判运行和监督管理机制。
四、下步工作设想
一分部署，九分落实。最高人民法院知识产权法庭将聚焦中央的决策部署，聚焦国家层面知识产权案件上诉审理机制改革中的新情况新问题，聚焦补齐重大制度短板，以钉钉子精神把知识产权法庭的各项工作做实做细做好，切实把改革的成效体现在办案质效和司法公信力的提高上，确保中央的决策部署落地见效。
最高人民法院知识产权法庭将深入推进智慧法院建设， 推动现代科技手段深度运用，把工作要点、时限要求、流程标准、文书样式嵌入一体化信息平台，实现办案系统互联互通、数据自动推送、资源共享共用，当事人诉讼便捷；完善深化司法体制综合配套改革，坚持组织架构扁平化，实现优化协同、精简高效；努力造就一批政治坚定、顾全大局、精通法律、熟悉技术并具有国际视野的知识产权审判人才，用公正、高效、专业、权威的审判回应国内外各界的热切关注。
设立最高人民法院知识产权法庭，凝结了有关领导同志的政治智慧，汇聚了社会各界的普遍共识，反映了科技创新一线的紧迫呼声，也饱含了几代知识产权人的深情和期盼。人民法院将高举新时代改革开放旗帜，紧紧围绕“让人民群众在每一个司法案件中感受到公平正义”目标，努力将最高人民法院知识产权法庭建设成为科技创新的助推器、司法改革的试验田、专利审判的领头羊、国际诉讼的优选地。
设立最高人民法院知识产权法庭，是中国40年改革开放伟大历史进程的必然，是新时代中国特色社会主义司法制度伟大实践的硕果，必将开启中国知识产权审判的新篇章。到2022年，最高人民法院将向全国人民代表大会常务委员会汇报知识产权法庭工作，交出一份让人民满意的答卷。
Material for the press conference of the State Council Information Office
Basic Information of the Intellectual Property Court of the Supreme People‘s Court
I.Background and process of the establishment of the Intellectual Property Court
In November 2017, General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over the first meeting of the Central Leading Team for Comprehensively Deepening Reform of the 19th CPC Central Committee, which deliberated and approved the Opinions on Several Issues concerning Strengthening Reform and Innovation in Intellectual Property Trials requiring to “research on the establishment of a national-level appellate trial mechanism for intellectual property cases”. In February 2018, the Comprehensively Deepening Reform Commission of the CPC Central Committee made it a key mission of the reform in 2018, which should be implemented under the lead of the Supreme People‘s Court.
The President of the Supreme People‘s Court, Zhou Qiang, gave repeated instructions on the organization of the backbone of the judicial force to study and draft optional plans. On the basis of summarizing the judicial practice in intellectual property, the Supreme People’s Court and the relevant parties had fully demonstrated and repeatedly studied the establishment of the national-level trial mechanism for intellectual property appeals, and finally chosen to establish the Intellectual Property Court of Supreme People‘s Court of China in Beijing to conduct unified trial of cases of appeal on patent and other intellectual property rights nationwide, and formulated a relevant draft of the reform. The draft was submitted to the Comprehensively Deepening Reform Commission of the CPC Central Committee, and was approved.
To ensure that the reform was carried out in an orderly manner, the Supreme People‘s Court drafted relevant bills. On October 26, the 6th Session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People’s Congress deliberated and adopted the Decision on Several Issues Concerning Litigation Procedure of Patent and Other Intellectual Property Cases. On December 3, the 1756th meeting of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People‘s Court discussed and approved the Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Intellectual Property Court of Supreme People’s Court, which further clarified such issues as the scope of cases and the linking of legal procedures.
The Supreme People‘s Court attached great importance to the establishment of the Intellectual Property Court, and President Zhou Qiang put forward the requirements of “high starting point, high standard and high level” of this Court. The operations team, personnel team, and support team headed by three leaders of the Supreme People’s Court were established to clarify the division of tasks, and strengthen synergistic advancement. All relevant departments formulated detailed plans, established work records, and assigned responsibilities to specific persons on a daily basis according to strict standards and schedules. A series of construction work such as site selection and decoration, personnel selection, the upgrade of office and case handling systems, and logistics support measures were completed in just 40 days.
II.Significance of the Establishment of the Court
The establishment of the Intellectual Property Court of Supreme People‘s Court is a significant decision made by the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping as the core from the strategic height of developing a powerful nation in terms of intellectual property as well as science and technology. It is a major measure to comprehensively deepen judicial reform, a historic breakthrough of China’s intellectual property protection and litigation system, and an important milestone in the development history of the judicial protection of intellectual property rights in China. It is of great and far-reaching significance for accelerating the process of modernizing the intellectual property trial systems and trial capabilities.
Firstly, it is conducive to stimulating and protecting scientific and technological innovation. Innovation is the primary driving force for development， and intellectual property protection is the basic means to stimulate innovation. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered into a new era. China is accelerating its steps to be an innovative country. It is urgent to establish the national-level trial mechanism for intellectual property appeals which can give full play to the functional roles of intellectual property trial in motivating and protecting innovation, and promoting technological progress and social development. The establishment of the Intellectual Property Court of Supreme People‘s Courtis to protect innovation in an innovative way, optimize the judicial environment for technological innovation, accelerate the implementation of the Innovation-driven Development Strategy, and make positive contributions to realize the “Two Centennial Goals” and to develop a powerful nation in terms of intellectual property as well as science and technology.
Secondly, it is conducive to creating a sound business environment. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out the significance of property protection，especially intellectual property protection， in shaping a sound business environment. He emphasizes that strengthening intellectual property rights protection is the most important content to improve the property protection system, and it is also the biggest incentive to improve China‘s economic competitiveness. The establishment of the Intellectual Property Court of Supreme People’s Court means to promote reform with the reformational thinking, to strengthen the law-based protection of intellectual property of both Chinese and foreign enterprises equally, to promote the formation of a law-based， international and convenient business environment, to better serve both domestic and international situations, and to promote the formation of a new pattern of overall opening-up.
Thirdly, it is conducive to unifying and regulating the criteria of trial. Patent and other intellectual property cases feature a high professional technologies and complexity with many new and complicated cases. Under the current trial system, the validity of intellectual property rights is decided through administrative invalidation procedures， while disputes over intellectual property infringement are solved through civil litigation procedures. Moreover, the trial of the second-instance patent infringement cases by various high people‘s courts would lead to the problem of inconsistent trial criteria. The establishment of the Intellectual Property Court of Supreme People’s Court is to solve problems in a problem-oriented manner, to realize the linking of the two major litigation procedures and trial criteria for validity judgment and infringement judgment of the intellectual property cases, to solve the problem of inconsistent trial criteria restricting science and technology innovation in terms of mechanism, to improve the quality and efficiency of the trial of intellectual property cases， to strengthen the judicial protection of intellectual property, and to effectively improve the judicial public credibility.
III.Main Duties of the Court
The Intellectual Property Court of Supreme People‘s Court is a standing judicial organ dispatched by the Supreme People’s Court，with the jurisdiction of civil and administrative cases on appeal over patents, monopoly, etc. with professional technologies nationwide. It shoulders the significant mission of unifying the trial criteria of patent and other intellectual property cases, and of accelerating the implementation of the Innovation-driven Development Strategy. By means of specialized trial, centralized jurisdiction, intensive proceedings and professional personnel, the Court provides strong judicial support and service for developing aa powerful nation in terms of intellectual property as well as science and technology.
In the beginning, the Intellectual Property Court will consist of four departments including the First Chamber, the Second Chamber, the Litigation Service Center, and the General Affairs Office. Among them， the First Chamber will also be named as the Technical Investigation Office, responsible for the daily management of the technical investigation officers.The Court will adhere to the principle that “Judging by Trying, and Responsible for Judging”, will fully implement the judicial responsibility system, will further promote the comprehensive reform of the judicial system, and will constantly improve the mechanism for the operation and supervision of trials.
IV.Plan for the future
As for the result of every mission, ten percent lies in the deployment while ninety percent will be in the implementation. We must take implementation as the primary political task, focus on the central government‘s decisions and deployment, focus on new situations and new issues in deepening the reform of intellectual property trial， focus on overcoming the shortcomings of major systems, and earnestly put the effort on giving practical ideas and doing practical work to achieve real results, We must deal with all the work relating to the national-level trial mechanism for intellectual property appeals in a sound, practical and meticulous way, constantly deepen the judicial reform， make the reform a success by improving the quality and efficiency of case trying and the judicial public credibility, and ensure that the central government’s decisions and deployments well implemented.
The Intellectual Property Court will further promote the development of intelligent courts, promote the in-depth use of modern technological means, and embed work essentials, time limits, process standards, and document samples into an integrated information platform to achieve interconnection of the case handling systems, automatic data transfer, resource sharing, and convenient litigation for the parties concerned. We will deepen the comprehensive reform of the judicial system, adhere to the flattened organizational structure， and achieve optimized coordination, streamlined operations and high efficiency. We will endeavor to cultivate a group of intellectual property judges with firm political beliefs, a clear understanding of the overall interests, an excellent knowledge of laws and technology, as well as an international perspective, who will respond to the warm concerns of all walks of life in both China and abroad with fair, efficient, professional and authoritative judgments.
The establishment of the Intellectual Property Court embodies the political wisdom of concerned senior leaders, the general consensus of all walks of life, the urgent call from the frontline of technological innovation, as well as the deep affections and expectations of several generations of people who engaged in intellectual property protection. Sticking to the Reform and Opening-up policy in the new era and centering on the goal of “Delivering Equality and Justice in Every Case”, the people‘s courts will do the best to build the Intellectual Property Court into a booster for technological innovation， a testing field of the judicial reform, a bellwether of patent trial, and a preferred court for international litigation.
The establishment of the Intellectual Property Court is a fruitful result of the great practice of the judicial system with Chinese characteristics in the new era and also a gift presented by the people‘s courts to the 40th anniversary of Reform and Opening-up policy. It will surely open a new chapter in China’s intellectual property trial history. In 2022, the Supreme People‘s Court will report to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on the work of the Intellectual Property Court and present its excellent achievements for the society.
来源：新浪网
